Layer-2 Rollups

These concepts explain how rollups improve throughput and how users move funds between layers.

Rollup

A rollup is a layer-2 system that batches transactions off-chain and posts compressed data and proofs back to a base chain.

Sequencer

A sequencer is the component that orders transactions for a rollup and proposes batches that later get finalized on the base chain.

State Root

A state root is a cryptographic commitment (often a Merkle root) to a blockchain or rollup's state after a set of transactions.

Withdrawal Delay

A withdrawal delay is the waiting period required to move assets from a layer-2 back to the base chain, often tied to finality or fraud-proof windows.